The "alpha male" figure sparks intense debate in modern society, oscillating between myth and reality. Popularized through animal observations, this concept of dominant leadership is now often distorted, fueling polarized discussions about masculinity, domination, and gender relations. But what does it really mean to be "alpha," and does this vision align with the models observed in nature?
The Quebec documentary Alphas, directed by Simon Coutu, examines the phenomenon of the "alpha male," a vision of masculinity that values domination and is often associated with the rejection of feminist advances. This model contrasts sharply with the observations of researchers Rudolf Schenkel and Dian Fossey, who described alphas as protective and strategic figures, essential for group cohesion.
In wolves, Schenkel demonstrated that the natural alpha is often a parent, leading the pack through experience rather than brute force. Similarly, Fossey observed that alpha male gorillas ensure the collective survival by protecting and uniting the members of their group. These roles are rooted in empathy and responsibility, far removed from the often caricatured human view of the alpha as a ruthless dominator.
In human society, the documentary highlights a tension: while animal models value cooperation, some "alpha male" movements promote a masculinity based on control and opposition to ideals of equality. By drawing these parallels, Alphas questions the relevance of these concepts in a society where gender relations are constantly evolving, and where authentic leadership could draw valuable lessons from nature to balance power, protection, and collective support.
The term "alpha" was popularized by researchers like Rudolf Schenkel and Dian Fossey, who studied the social dynamics of wolves and gorillas. Their work, originally focused on animal observations, resonates powerfully in human society, where leadership and domination also play key roles. However, by exploring the nuances of animal behavior, we discover surprising parallels with our own power structures.
In Nature: The Alpha Observed by Researchers
Rudolf Schenkel, in studying captive wolves, introduced the concept of the "alpha male," perceived as the dominant leader of the pack. However, his work, often misinterpreted, oversimplified the reality: in wild wolves, the alpha is typically a parent, guiding the group through experience, not strength. In gorillas, Dian Fossey revealed another facet of leadership: the dominant silverback male, while dominant, dedicates his energy to protecting and uniting his group, where responsibility outweighs authority.
These observations show that animal leadership is more complex than a mere hierarchy imposed by violence. Nature's alphas are often protective and strategic figures, inspiring trust and ensuring the survival of the group.
In Humans: Modern Echoes
In our societies, the idea of the alpha has often been linked to charisma and dominance. The authoritarian CEO or imposing military leader reflects a simplified vision of the behaviors observed by Schenkel. Yet, as in the animal kingdom, the most sustainable forms of human leadership rely on qualities that transcend brute force.
The modern alpha, like the silverback gorillas described by Fossey, is a protective guide. In a business or community, it's the one who bears the responsibility of the group, balancing strategic vision with empathy. Just as the elephant matriarch leads her herd with experience, the human "alpha" can distinguish themselves by their wisdom and ability to inspire others.
A Fragile Responsibility
Researchers also revealed a universal truth: the alpha role is unstable. In gorillas, a silverback can lose his position to a younger or more capable rival. Similarly, a human leader who neglects their group or abuses power is subject to challenges. This precariousness forces a redefinition of what it truly means to be "alpha": it's not about domination, but about earning one's place through actions that serve the collective good.
Lessons from Science and Nature
By revisiting the works of Schenkel and Fossey, one lesson emerges: authentic leadership is less about strength and more about balance between authority and support. Alphas, both in nature and among humans, are not merely figures of domination. They are architects of cohesion, protectors, and guardians of the group's survival. By observing these dynamics, we can reinterpret our own models of power, favoring inspiration and empathy over imposition.
Alpha: Not Just a Male Thing
In nature, leadership isn't limited to male dominance, as shown by the example of female elephants. Matriarchs play a central role in their herd, guiding their peers through their experience and memory. They lead the group to vital resources, ensure social cohesion, and pass down knowledge to future generations. Their leadership is grounded in empathy, protection, and responsibility—qualities essential to the survival and balance of the group. This natural model illustrates the importance of leadership based on care and wisdom.
Evolution and Gender: The Legacy of Millennia of Survival
For millennia, evolution has shaped differences between men and women, driven by the ultimate goal of survival and the transmission of genes. Men, often associated with hunting and protection, developed traits favoring competition and risk-taking, while women, focused on gestation and child-rearing, evolved with increased empathy, cooperation, and nurturing abilities. These distinctions, shaped by prehistoric needs, continue to influence behaviors and perceptions in modern societies, even as contexts and priorities have radically changed.
These differences, inherited from millennia of evolution, reflect humanity's adaptation to ancestral challenges. However, in a constantly evolving world, these traits should not limit roles or aspirations. Understanding their origin can help overcome stereotypes, fostering a society where everyone can fully flourish, independent of old models.
Steve Cournoyer
alphamens.ca